Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is an annual one-day holiday to
give thanks at the conclusion of the harvest season. The United States
celebrates Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November and Canada celebrates
the holiday on the second Monday in October.
Canada Main article: Thanksgiving (Canada) Traditional celebration In Canada,
Thanksgiving is a three-day weekend (although some provinces observe a
four day weekend, Friday?Monday). As a liturgical festival, the Canadian
Thanksgiving corresponds to the European harvest festival, during which
churches are adorned with cornucopias, pumpkins, corn, wheat sheaves and
other harvest bounty. English and other European harvest hymns are customarily
sung on the Sunday of Thanksgiving weekend, along with scriptural lections
derived from biblical stories relating to the Jewish harvest festival of
Sukkot. While the actual Thanksgiving holiday occurs on a Monday, Canadian
families might eat their Thanksgiving meal on any day of the three day
weekend. The holiday can also be a time for weekend getaways for couples
to observe the autumn leaves, spend one last weekend at their summer homes,
or participate in various outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing and
hunting. History of Thanksgiving in Canada The history of Thanksgiving
in Canada goes back to an English explorer, Martin Frobisher, who had been
futilely attempting to find a northern passage to the Orient. He did, however,
establish a settlement in Canada. In the year 1578, Frobisher held a formal
ceremony in what is now the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, to give
thanks for surviving the long journey. This event is widely considered
to be the first Canadian Thanksgiving, and the first official Thanksgiving
to occur in North America. More settlers arrived and continued the ceremonial
tradition initiated by Frobisher, who was eventually knighted and had an
inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Canada named after him ? Frobisher
Bay. It should be noted that the 1578 ceremony was not the first Thanksgiving
as defined by Native American tradition. Long before the time of Martin
Frobisher, it was traditional in many Native American cultures to offer
an official giving of thanks during autumnal gatherings. In Haudenasonee
culture, Thanksgiving is a prayer recited to honor "the three sisters"
(i.e., beans, corn and squash) during the fall harvest. United States Main
article: Thanksgiving (United States) Traditional celebration In the United
States, certain kinds of food are traditionally served at Thanksgiving
meals. First and foremost, turkey is the featured item in most Thanksgiving
feasts (so much so that Thanksgiving is sometimes called "Turkey Day").
Stuffing, mashed potatoes with gravy, sweet potatoes, cranberry sauce,
corn, turnips, yams and pumpkin pie are commonly associated with Thanksgiving
dinner. All of these dishes (except for yams) are native to the Americas,
and were introduced as a new food source to the Europeans when they arrived.
History of Thanksgiving in the United States The Virginia colony A collective
Thanksgiving prayer was held in the Virginia Colony on December 4, 1619
near the current site of Berkeley Plantation, where annual celebrations
are still held on the first Sunday in November.[1] Pilgrims The early settlers
of Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts were particularly grateful to Squanto,
the Native American who taught them how to catch eel, grow corn and who
served as their native interpreter (as Squanto had learned English as a
slave in Europe). Without Squanto's assistance, the settlers might not
have survived in the New World. The Plymouth settlers (who came to be called
"Pilgrims") set apart a holiday immediately after their first harvest in
1621, when they held an autumn celebration of food, feasting, and praising
God. The Native American chiefs Massassoit, Squanto and Samoset joined
in the celebration with ninety of their men in the three-day event. Modern
Thanksgiving in the United States is celebrated on the fourth Thursday
in November.
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